"Maxillary lateral incisor partial anodontia sequence": a clinical entity with epigenetic origin

ABSTRACT The relationship between maxillary lateral incisor anodontia and the palatal displacement of unerupted maxillary canines cannot be considered as a multiple tooth abnormality with defined genetic etiology in order to be regarded as a "syndrome". Neither were the involved genes identified and located in the human genome, nor was it presumed on which chromosome the responsible gene would be located. The palatal maxillary canine displacement in cases of partial anodontia of the maxillary lateral incisor is potentially associated with environmental changes caused by its absence in its place of formation and eruption, which would characterize an epigenetic etiology. The lack of the maxillary lateral incisor in the canine region means removing one of the reference guides for the eruptive trajectory of the maxillary canine, which would therefore, not erupt and /or impact on the palate. Consequently, and in sequence, it would lead to malocclusion, maxillary atresia, transposition, prolonged retention of the deciduous canine and resorption in the neighboring teeth. Thus, we can say that we are dealing with a set of anomalies and multiple sequential changes known as sequential development anomalies or, simply, sequence. Once the epigenetics and sequential condition is accepted for this clinical picture, it could be called "Maxillary Lateral Incisor Partial Anodontia Sequence."

RESUMO A relação entre a anodontia parcial do incisivo lateral e o deslocamento palatino do canino superior não irrompido não pode ser considerada uma anomalia dentária múltipla com etiopatogenia genética definida, a ponto de ser considerada como uma "síndrome". Os genes envolvidos sequer foram identificados e localizados no genoma humano, e nem mesmo presumiu-se em qual cromossomo se localizaria o gene responsável. O deslocamento palatino do canino superior em casos de anodontia parcial do incisivo lateral superior está potencialmente associado às mudanças ambientais provocadas pela sua ausência no local de formação e erupção, o que caracterizaria uma etiologia epigenética para essa associação. A falta do incisivo lateral superior na região canina implica em tirar um dos guias referenciais da trajetória eruptiva do canino superior, que ficaria, assim, não irrompido e/ou impactado no palato. Como consequência, e em sequência, promove-se uma má oclusão, atresia maxilar, transposição, retenção prolongada do canino decíduo e reabsorções nos dentes vizinhos. Dessa forma, pode-se afirmar que estamos frente a um conjunto de anomalias e alterações múltiplas sequenciais conhecido como anomalias de desenvolvimento sequencial ou, simplesmente, sequência. Uma vez aceita a condição epigenética e sequencial para esse quadro clínico, ele poderia ser chamado de "Sequência da Anodontia Parcial do Incisivo Lateral Superior".

Sensibilidad y Especificidad Clínica del Indice Mandibular Canino y del Ancho Mesiodistal del Diente Canino Para Estimar el Sexo: Ajuste de un Modelo Predictivo / Clinical Sensitivity and Specificity of Mandibular Canine Index and Mesiodistal Canine Width to Estimate Sex: Adjustment of a Predictive Model

Los dientes son un excelente material de investigación en personas vivas y cadáveres, en el ámbito antropológico, genético, odontológico y forense, por sus características (dureza, resistencia al ataque químico, fuego y descomposición). El diente canino mandibular es el menos afectado por enfermedad periodontal, menos extraído, más resistente a traumas severos y el que presenta mayor dimorfismo sexual. Se puede usar para la estimación de sexo, calculando el Índice Mandibular Canino (IMC). El propósito de este estudio es determinar la certeza del IMC en la estimación de sexo respecto al ancho mesiodistal del canino. El estudio fue realizado en 150 sujetos (H:M= 65:85), entre 18­24 años. El ancho mesiodistal del canino y la distancia canina fueron medidos en los modelos obtenidos y el IMC fue calculado. Se calculó la sensibilidad y especificidad para cada uno de los índices en cuestión. El IMC tuvo una sensibilidad del 33,85 % y una especificidad de 75,29 % en la estimación de sexo. El ancho mesiodistal del canino tuvo una sensibilidad de 66,15 % y una especificidad de 84,71 %. El ancho mesiodistal del canino tiene mayor sensibilidad y especificidad que el IMC en la estimación médicolegal de sexo.

Teeth are an excellent research material in living persons and in corpses, in the anthropological, genetic, dental and forensic fields, because of their characteristics (hardness, resistance to chemical attack, fire and decay). Mandibular canine teeth are the least affected by periodontal disease, the least extracted teeth, are more resistant to severe trauma and have a greater sexual dimorphism. They can be used for sex estimation, through the Mandibular Canine Index (MCI). The purpose of this study is to determine the accuracy of the MCI in sex estimation, compared to the mesiodistal canine width method. The study was conducted on 150 subjects (M:F= 65:85), aged 18­24. The mesiodistal width of canine and the intercanine distance were measured on the obtained models, and the MCI was calculated. The sensitivity and specificity for each of the two indexes were also calculated. MCI had a sensitivity of 33.85% and a specificity of 75.29 % in sex estimation. The mesiodistal width of canine had a sensitivity of 66.15 % and a specificity of 84.71 %. The mesiodistal width of canine has a higher sensitivity and specificity than the MCI in the medicolegal estimation of sex.

Quistes inflamatorios. Abordaje preventivo con técnica descompresiva: presentación de situación clínica / Inflammatory cysts. A preventive approach with decompression technique: report of a clinical case

Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre quistes inflamatorios de los maxilares y se presenta una situación clínica de udna paciente niña de 9 años de edad que concurre a la guardia del Hospital de Odontología Infantil Don Benito Quinquela Martín, con quistes inflamatorios bilaterales (cuyas biopsias confirmaron el diagnóstico inicial) y desplazamiento de los gérmenes de segundos premolares inferiores derecho e izquierdo (3.5 y 4.5) hacia la basal. Considerando la edad de la paciente y el pronóstico favorable de las piezas dentarias en desarrollo, se decidió utilizar como tratamiento la técnica de Waldron-Axhausen o técnica descompresiva. La evolución de la paciente fue favorable, ya que se logró la remisión del proceso patológico y la normal erupción de dichas piezas dentarias...

Crown dilaceration in permanent teeth after trauma to the primary predecessors: report of three cases

Crown dilaceration of permanent teeth occurs due to the non-axial displacement of the already formed hard tissue portion of the developing crown at an angle to their longitudinal axis due to trauma to the primary predecessors. This is a rare condition, representing only 3% of the total of injuries to developing teeth and usually occurs in permanent maxillary incisors because of the close proximity of their tooth germs to the primary incisors, which are more susceptible to trauma. This alteration frequently results from the intrusion of a primary tooth when the child is around 2 years of age, at which time half of the crown of the permanent successor is already formed. Teeth with dilacerated crowns may either erupt with buccal or lingual displacement or remain impacted. The treatment may involve endodontic, orthodontic, restorative and prosthetic procedures. This paper reports the restorative treatment proposed to reestablish the esthetics and function of the affected teeth in three cases of crown dilaceration in permanent maxillary incisors after trauma to their primary predecessors.

Applicability of Tanaka and Johnston mixed dentition analysis in a contemproary Pakistani population

Mixed dentition analysis is carried out to predict the size of unerupted canine and premolar in the developing occlusion. The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of Tanaka and Johnston method of mixed dentition analysis in predicting the size of permanent canines and premolars in patients visiting Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad. The sample consisted of 80 dental casts [40 male and 40 female], obtained from patients reporting at the department of orthodontics, Islamic International Dental College, Islamabad with the age range between 12 to 21 years. Mesiodistal tooth widths were measured with a digital vernier caliper. A paired student t test was used to compare the predicted and actual sum of the maxillary [PUCPM and AUCPM] and mandibular permanent Canines and Premolars [PLCM and ALCPM] for both genders combined and separately. Significant difference was found between PUCPM and AUCPM in maxilla for both male and female together [M + F: 0.000] and when both genders were compared separately [M: 0.032, F: 0.001]. Tanaka and Johnston method was only applicable in predicting the space for unerupted canine and premolars in mandible in both male and female sample

Quiste bucal mandibular infectado: presentación de un caso clínico / Mandibular infected buccal cyst: report of a clinical case

El quiste bucal mandibular infectado es un quiste inflamatorio que se presenta en niños entre 6 y 10 años de edad. Es una patología poco frecuente que afecta a los primeros o segundos molares inferiores semierupcionados. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar uncaso de quiste bucal mandibular infectado que a pesar de ser una entidad que presenta un comportamiento biológico benigno, pueden alcanzar grandes proporciones si no se diagnostican en forma temprana ni se tratan apropiadamente.

Radiolucência intracoronária em molares permanentes näo-erupcionados: relato de dois casos / Intracoronal radiolucencies in unerupted permanent molars: report of two cases

Reabsorçäo intracoronária pré-eruptiva é uma condiçäo rara, de etiologia idiopática e comumente diagnosticada no exame radiográfico rotineiro ou com fins ortodônticos. O tratamento proposto é o acompanhamento radiográfico até que o elemento erupcione para que entäo seja feita a intervençäo. Entretanto, na presença de sintomatologia dolorosa ou progressäo da lesäo, recomenda-se a exposiçäo cirúrgica do elemento afetado, colocaçäo de hidróxido de cálcio e curativo de óxido de zinco e eugenol para posterior restauraçäo. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar dois casos sobre reabsorçäo intracornária em molares permanentes

Principais transtornos ocasionados por dentes inclusos / Clinical and radiographic aspects related to the main perturbations caused by unerupted teeth

Säo apresentados os transtornos mais freqüentes ocasionados por dentes inclusos e suas soluçöes clínicas, além de se efetuar uma breve revisäo da literatura sobre o assunto. Em razäo do grande número de problemas que podem estar associados aos dentes inclusos e suas conseqüências nas diferentes especialidades, os autores sugerem que se façam proservaçöes radiográficas sempre que se detecte a presença de um dente incluso sem indicaçäo de remoçäo cirúrgica

Complex odontome in deciduous dentition.

A three-year-old boy reported to the Dept. of Pedodontics with the complaint of swelling in the lower left side of the mouth. The radiographic and histologic study revealed the case to be a complex odontome which is rare in deciduous dentition.